Capital Punishment: Proportionality
Proportionality in principle justifies, limits, or condemns capital punishment. That deeply held common value—that punishment must not be grossly disproportionate to the crime—dominates U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence.
Read the full storyCapitol Square Review and Advisory Board v. Pinette, 515 U.S. 753 (1995)
Capitol Square is a 10-acre, state-owned plaza surrounding the statehouse in Columbus, Ohio.
Read the full storyCaptive Audiences and Free Speech
The idea that speech may be curbed to protect the sensibilities of an audience held captive by the speaker is rooted in the notion that governmental power. . .
Read the full storyBenjamin Cardozo (1870–1938)
Benjamin Nathan Cardozo was born into a Sephardic Jewish family in New York City in 1870.
Read the full storyCarey v. Population Services International, 431 U.S. 678 (1977)
Whether, and to what extent, minors should enjoy the same constitutional rights as adults is one of the most vexing and unsettled questions of constitutional law.
Read the full storyCarolene Products v. U.S., 304 U.S. 144 (1938)
This relatively minor case is remembered not for the issue supposedly before the Court, but for a footnote that in the eyes of many scholars launched a constitutional revolution.
Read the full storyCarroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132 (1925)
The Supreme Court has held that, under the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution, police officers must obtain a warrant to engage in a search or a seizure. . .
Read the full storyCategorical Approach to Free Speech
The ‘‘categorical approach’’ is a method of judging where decisions are reached through use of a preestablished system of classifications or categories.
Read the full storyCatholics and Religious Liberty
The twentieth century witnessed a remarkable realignment of the Roman Catholic Church with the cause of religious liberty.
Read the full storyCarrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947)
In 1859, Carrie Chapman Catt was born Carrie Clinton Lane in Wisconsin. She and her family soon moved to Iowa where she graduated with a bachelor’s degree from Iowa State Agricultural College in 1880.
Read the full storyCentral Hudson Gas and Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission of New York, 447 U.S. 557 (1980)
In 1973, when an oil embargo caused fuel shortages, the New York Public Service Commission issued a regulation prohibiting electric companies from advertising to promote electricity use.
Read the full storyCentral Intelligence Agency
As a result of the need for intelligence on the Axis Powers during World War II, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was created. After the war, policy makers realized the need for foreign intelligence.
Read the full storyCeremonial Deism
One of the difficult church–state issues is determining when the use of religious language by the government violates the Establishment Clause.
Read the full storyChae Chan Ping v. U.S., 130 U.S. 581 (1889) and Chinese Exclusion Act
Chinese first emigrated to the United States in large numbers in 1849, when they joined thousands of Americans and other foreign fortune-seekers in the ‘‘gold rush’’ to the American West.
Read the full storyZechariah Chafee Jr. (1885–1957)
Zechariah Chafee Jr., attorney, professor, legal scholar and well-known champion of civil liberties, was born on December 7, 1885, in Providence, Rhode Island.
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