Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986)

In Batson v. Kentucky, the Supreme Court addressed how a criminal defendant can establish that a prosecutor used a peremptory challenge against a prospective juror of the defendant’s race on the basis of race.

Corporation of Presiding Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v. Amos, 483 U.S. 327 (1987)

Corrigan v. Buckley, 271 U.S. 323 (1926)

Counselman v. Hitchcock, 142 U.S. 547 (1892)

Cox v. Louisiana, 379 U.S. 536 (1965)

Cox v. New Hampshire, 312 U.S. 569 (1941)

Coy v. Iowa, 487 U.S. 1012 (1988)

Crane v. Johnson, 242 U.S. 339 (1917)

Crane v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 683 (1986)

Cruzan v. Missouri, 497 U.S. 261 (1990)

Dandridge v. Williams, 397 U.S. 471 (1971)

Davis v. Alaska, 415 U.S. 308 (1974)

Davis v. Beason, 133 U.S. 333 (1890)

Debs v. United States, 249 U.S. 211 (1919)

DeJonge v. Oregon, 299 U.S. 353 (1937)

Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1979)

Bates v. State Bar of Arizona, 433 U.S. 350 (1969)

Two recent law graduates opened a law practice, which they called the ‘‘Legal Clinic of Bates and O’Steen.’’

Bartnicki v. Vopper, 532 U.S. 514 (2001)

Plaintiffs, a union president and a chief negotiator, had a cellular phone conversation in which threats were made against school board members.

Bartkus v. Illinois, 359 U.S. 121 (1959)

In this decision, the Supreme Court upheld a state conviction following federal acquittal for the same crime, ruling that the so-called ‘‘double jeopardy clause’’ of the Fifth Amendment, which bars multiple convictions for the same crime, did not apply to the states.

Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969)

Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States, 143 U.S. 457 (1892)

Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, 508 U.S. 520 (1993)

Cicenia v. LaGay, 357 U.S. 504 (1958)

Cincinnati v. Discovery Network, Inc., 507 U.S. 14 (1993)

Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971)

Cohen v. Cowles Media Company, 501 U.S. 663 (1991)

Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584 (1977)

Colautti v. Franklin, 439 U.S. 379 (1979)

Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722 (1991)

Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. Federal Election Commission, 518 U.S. 604 (1996)

Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Regan, 444 U.S. 646 (1980)

Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Nyquist, 413 U.S. 756 (1973)

Connally v. Georgia, 429 U.S. 245 (1977)

Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443 (1971)

Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 243 (1833)

Barron v. Baltimore was an appeal to the Supreme Court from the Court of Appeals of Maryland, upon a writ of error through Section 25 of the Judiciary Act of 1789, on the grounds that a state action had violated the U.S. Constitution.

Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc., 501 U.S. 560 (1991)

Nude dancing as an issue in earlier cases occurred in the context of alcohol regulations, such as California v. LaRue (1972), or zoning laws as in Schad v. Mt. Ephraim (1981).

Barenblatt v. United States, 360 U.S. 109 (1959)

In 1954, Lloyd Barenblatt was subpoenaed by the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), which was investigating communist activities and organizations.

Barefoote v. Estelle, 463 U.S. 880 (1983)

Many capital punishment statutes permit jurors to consider evidence of a convicted capital murderer’s ‘‘future dangerousness.’’

Barclay v. Florida, 463 U.S. 939 (1983)

Barclay was convicted of first-degree murder for his participation in the politically and racially motivated murder of a hitchhiker.

Dennis v. United States, 341 U.S. 494 (1951)

Dickerson v. United States, 530 U.S. 428 (2000)

Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179 (1973)

Douglas v. California, 372 U.S. 353 (1963)

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857)

Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145 (1968)

Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987)

Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 (1981)

Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160 (1941)

Edwards v. South Carolina, 372 U.S. 229 (1963)

Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438 (1972)

Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2001)

Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, 542 U.S. 1 (2004)

Elrod v. Burns, 427 U.S. 347 (1976)

Employment Division, Department of Human Resources v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990)

Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962)

Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968)

A Book Named ‘‘John Cleland’s Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure’’ v. Massachusetts, 383 U.S. 413 (1966)

A civil proceeding initiated by the Massachusetts attorney general declared Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (more commonly known as Fanny Hill) to be obscene. The publisher, G. P. Putman, appealed and lost.

Abington Township School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963)

One of the two decisions known as the school prayer cases, Abington followed immediately in the wake of Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), in which the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional the recitation in public schools of a prayer composed by the New York Board of Regents.

Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, 431 U.S. 209 (1977)

In Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that assessment of mandatory service charges on nonunion members in an agency shop to finance union expenditures for collective bargaining did not violate their First Amendment rights.

Abortion Protest Cases

In three cases, the Supreme Court has considered the rights of anti-abortion protestors outside abortion clinics.

Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919)

Condemning ‘‘the hypocrisy of the United States and her allies’’ and denouncing President Woodrow Wilson as a hypocrite and a coward, Jacob Abrams and four associates—all five Russian-born Jews and avowed anarchists—distributed fliers on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in the summer of 1918 directing attention to U.S. efforts to halt the Bolshevik Revolution.

Agostini v. Felton, 521 U.S. 203 (1997)

In Agostini v. Felton, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed its 1985 decision in Aguilar v. Felton, 473 U.S. 402 (1985) (and portions of its companion decision in School District of Grand Rapids v. Ball, 473 U.S. 373, 1985)...

Aguilar v. Felton, 473 U.S. 402 (1985)

In its 1985 decision in Aguilar v. Felton, the U.S. Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a government program that provided remedial instruction to low-income children attending parochial schools—a decision that reflected the strong separationist jurisprudence adhered to by a narrow majority of the Court’s justices during that era.

Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 462 U.S. 416 (1983)

After the 1973 decision of Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), a myriad of legislative responses to Roe held that the right of privacy encompasses a woman’s right to decide whether to terminate her pregnancy.

Alcorta v. Texas, 355 U.S. 28 (1957)

In Alcorta, the Supreme Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause bars prosecutors from knowingly presenting perjured testimony in a criminal case.

County of Allegheny v. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573 (1989)

In the mid-1980s, the Supreme Court first considered the constitutionality of religious holiday displays in Lynch v. Donnelly, 465 U.S. 668 (1984), involving a city’s display of a nativity scene among other symbols of the Christmas holiday.

Allen v. Illinois, 478 U.S. 364 (1986)

The Allen Court decided the issue of whether proceedings under the Illinois Sexually Dangerous Persons Act are ‘‘criminal,’’ such that they open the door to the Fifth Amendment’s protection against selfincrimination.

Amalgamated Food Employees Union Local 590 v. Logan Valley Plaza, 391 U.S. 308 (1968)

The conflict between the First Amendment rights of persons to speak and the rights of private property owners to exclude individuals from their property raises thorny questions at the intersection of state action doctrine and the First Amendment.

Ambach v. Norwick, 441 U.S. 68 (1979)

Interpreting the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court has generally subjected all state and local laws that discriminate on the basis of alienage to the strictest scrutiny, noting that, unlike the federal government, state entities do not have the power to regulate the admission or expulsion of noncitizens.

American Booksellers Association, Inc., et al. v. Hudnut, 771 F. 2nd 323 (1985)

The feminist movement in the 1960s and 1970s in the United States and other countries raised anew issues of discrimination and violence against women.

American Communications Association v. Douds, 339 U.S. 382 (1950)

In 1947, Congress added Section 9(h) to the National Labor Relations Act; this section required all labor union officers to sign annual affidavits stating that they did not belong to the Communist Party or support the unlawful overthrow of the U.S. government.

Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967)

In Douglas v. California, 372 U.S. 353 (1963), the Supreme Court held that an indigent defendant was entitled to have counsel appointed to handle the appeal of his conviction.

Apodaca v. Oregon, 406 U.S. 404 (1972)

In Apodaca v. Oregon, the U.S. Supreme Court addressed the question of whether the Sixth Amendment’s right to a jury trial required a unanimous verdict.

Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000)

This case was designed to protect the Sixth Amendment right to a ‘‘speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury’’ and the right inherent in the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to have every element of a criminal offense proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500 (1964)

Aptheker is an important civil liberties case involving the right to travel. In Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500, 84 S.Ct. 1659 (1964), the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a federal law that the Court believed unconstitutionally interfered with the freedom of American citizens to travel abroad.

Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 (1991)

Arizona v. Fulminante considered whether a state court properly found a defendant’s confession was coerced in violation of the Fifth Amendment and whether admission of a coerced confession is properly evaluated using harmless error analysis.

Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321 (1987)

In Hicks, the Supreme Court announced that probable cause is required to justify the search or seizure of items discovered in ‘‘plain view’’ during an unrelated search. Police entered an apartment after shots were fired through its floor, injuring a man in the apartment below.

Arizona v. Youngblood, 488 U.S. 51 (1988)

In Youngblood, a divided Supreme Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause does not require the government to preserve evidence that could conclusively prove the defendant innocent.

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, 535 U.S. 234 (2002)

Congress passed the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 that, among other things, dealt with ‘‘virtual’’ pornographic images of minors.

Ballew v. Georgia, 435 U.S. 223 (1978)

The manager of an adult theater was charged in a state court with distributing obscene materials, a misdemeanor. Pursuant to state law, and over his claim that the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial required a jury of at least six members, he was tried and convicted by a jury of five people.

Baltimore City Department of Social Services v. Bouknight, 493 U.S. 549 (1990)

MauriceM, after being hospitalized at age threemonths with fresh and partially healed bone fractures, was placed into shelter care by a court order but was later returned to his mother Jacqueline’s custody.

Beal v. Doe, 432 U.S. 438 (1977)

Indigents who were eligible for financial assistance under Title XIX of the Social Security Act’s Medicaid program challenged a Pennsylvania statute that denied funding for their desired abortions.

Beauharnais v. Illinois, 343 U.S. 250 (1952)

In Beauharnais v. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the validity of a 1917 Illinois group libel statute, finding that such speech fell outside the protections of the First Amendment.

Belle Terre v. Boraas, 416 U.S. 1 (1974)

When a local government zones, it typically classifies land uses according to use type (residential, commercial, industrial, etc.), and then regulates uses within each classification according to height and density.

Bellis v. United States, 417 U.S. 85 (1974)

Isadore Bellis was a partner in a small law firm who received a grand jury subpoena for the financial records of the partnership and sought to resist producing them by asserting his Fifth Amendment selfincrimination privilege.

Bellotti v. Baird, 443 U.S. 622 (1979)

As soon as the ink was dry on the Supreme Court’s opinion in Roe v. Wade, many state legislatures passed laws to limit a woman’s ability to get an abortion, or to at least place hurdles in her way.

Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 (1969)

The double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment provides that no person shall ‘‘be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.’’

Berger v. New York, 388 U.S. 41 (1967)

Berger v. New York addressed questions pertaining to the Fourth Amendment. This decision overruled the precedent set by Olmstead v. United States.

Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420 (1984)

An individual is in custody, for purposes of Miranda v. Arizona, when a reasonable person in the suspect’s position would have believed himself in custody.

Bethel School District v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986)

Does the First Amendment prevent a school district from disciplining a high school student for giving a lewd speech at a school assembly?

Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 455 (1942)

The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides, among other things, that ‘‘in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.’’

Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971)

Bivens held, for the first time, that a federal court may hold individual government agents liable for money damages for violating a person’s Fourth Amendment rights.

Blackledge v. Perry, 417 U.S. 21 (1974)

Perry was tried and found guilty of the misdemeanor assault of a fellow inmate. When he exercised his statutory right to a new trial under North Carolina law, the prosecutor charged him with felony assault for the same conduct that had been previously charged as a less serious offense.

Board of Education of the Westside Community Schools v. Mergens, 496 U.S. 226 (1990)

In Board of Education of the Westside Community Schools v. Mergens, a public school board denied students’ request to form a Christian club and meet after school on school premises.

Board of Education v. Allen, 392 U.S. 236 (1968)

One of the most contentious church–state issues in the United States has been the question of the constitutionality of government aid to religious schools.

Board of Education v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822 (2002) (Students)

Drug testing of students by public school officials constitutes a search that must be reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. In Board of Education v. Earls, the Court addressed the lawfulness of warrantless, suspicionless drug testing of students.

Board of Education v. Pico, 457 U.S. 853 (1982)

In Board of Education v. Pico, the sharply divided Court held that the school board violated the students’ First Amendment rights by removing from high school and junior high school libraries several books that the board found ‘‘anti-American, anti- Christian, anti-Semitic, and just plain filthy.’’

Board of Education, Kiryas Joel School District v. Grumet, 512 U.S. 687 (1994)

Kiryas Joel involved a striking fact situation: a public school district created to serve only the disabled children of an ultra-Orthodox Jewish sect.

Bob Jones University v. United States, 461 U.S. 574 (1983)

Federal law provides that ‘‘[c]orporations organized and operated exclusive for religious, charitable, or educational purposes’’ are entitled to tax-exempt status.

City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507 (1997)

The First Amendment provides that ‘‘Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.’’

Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp., 463 U.S. 60 (1983)

Since the mid-1970s, it has been clear that commercial speech can be protected free speech under the First Amendment. However, it is typically accorded lesser protection than noncommercial speech.

Bond v. Floyd, 385 U.S. 116 (1966)

Bond v. Floyd arose from the intersection of the struggle for civil rights and the protest movement against U.S. involvement in Vietnam, two political movements that had a dramatic impact on the United States in the 1960s.

Bordenkircher v. Hayes, 434 U.S. 357 (1978)

When we think of adjudicating guilt, we think of trials—witnesses questioned, lawyers locked in forensic combat, juries attentive to the subtleties of the case in preparation for their deliberations, and the verdict that will ultimately puncture the tension in the courtroom.

Bowen v. American Hospital Association, 476 U.S. 610 (1986)

Important rights and policies can be in tension when a governmental agency seeks to act on a child’s behalf and parental consent has not been obtained.

Bowen v. Kendrick, 487 U.S. 589 (1988)

In Bowen v. Kendrick, the Court upheld the Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) against an establishment clause challenge.

Bowen v. Roy, 476 U.S. 693 (1986)

Pursuant to federal regulations requiring social security numbers for all dependent children, Pennsylvania authorities had stopped Aid to Dependent Families and Children benefits to Stephen Roy and Karen Miller and were also taking steps to reduce food stamps.

Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986)

When a police officer came to serve an arrest warrant upon Michael Hardwick for a citation that Hardwick had already paid, the officer found Hardwick in his bedroom engaged in consensual oral sex with another man.

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000)

The First Amendment right to free speech includes a right to associate for expressive purposes.

Boyd v. United States, 116 U.S. 616 (1886)

An agent of the customs department, referred to as a collector, seized thirty-five cases of plate glass in pursuance of customs law.

Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 242 (1969)

The central issue in the Boykin case was the responsibility of a criminal court to safeguard the rights of the accused.

Bradfield v. Roberts, 175 U.S. 291 (1899)

Bradfield v. Roberts is the first of only two Supreme Court cases that have addressed whether government funding of faith-based human services programs is constitutional.

Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963)

In Brady, the Supreme Court for the first time squarely recognized that the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause guarantees criminal defendants the right to be given favorable information in the possession of the prosecution or the police.

Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969)

This case originated in the state of Ohio where Clarence Brandenburg, a Ku Klux Klan leader, was convicted, fined. . .

Branti v. Finkel, 445 U.S. 507 (1980)

When a newly appointed Democratic public defender discharged two assistant public defenders because they were Republicans, the discharged lawyers claimed that their First Amendment freedoms of belief and association were violated.

Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665 (1972)

In Branzburg, the Supreme Court confronted an issue of continuing controversy: May journalists who are called to testify before grand juries protect the identities of their confidential sources?

Braswell v. United States, 487 U.S. 99 (1988)

The availability of the Fifth Amendment selfincrimination privilege to resist producing documents in response to a subpoena has depended on whether the government sought the records from an individual (or sole proprietorship) or from a larger business organization.

Bray v. Alexandria Women’s Health Clinic, 506 U.S. 263 (1993)

In Bray v. Alexandria Women’s Health Clinic, the Supreme Court held that the anti-conspiracy provision of the 1871 Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3) . . .

Breithaupt v. Abram, 352 U.S. 432 (1957)

Breithaupt was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in New Mexico following an automobile collision resulting in three deaths.

Brewer v. Williams, 430 U.S. 387 (1977)

On Christmas Eve 1968, a ten-year-old child was abducted by Williams, a recent escapee from a mental hospital.

Brooks v. Tennessee, 406 U.S. 605 (1972)

In Brooks, the Supreme Court struck down a state statute requiring criminal defendants to testify, if at all, before any other defense witnesses take the stand.

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia ex rel. Virginia State Bar, 377 U.S. 1 (1964)

The legal profession has traditionally exhibited antipathy toward activities that could be perceived as encouraging litigation. It has also taken a dim view of nonlawyers providing legal advice.

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)

The U.S. Supreme Court’s 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, declaring state-mandated school segregation unconstitutional, was perhaps the Court’s most important decision of the twentieth century.

Brown v. Mississippi, 279 U.S. 278 (1936)

In Brown v. Mississippi, the Supreme Court for the first time relied upon the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to exclude a confession from evidence in a state court.

Buchanan v. Kentucky, 483 U.S. 402 (1987)

David Buchanan was indicted on capital murder charges for the rape and murder of Barbel Poore.

Buchanan v. Warley, 245 U.S. 60 (1917)

A 1914 Louisville, Kentucky city ordinance prohibited blacks from buying houses on blocks where the majority of the residents where white, and at the same time, prohibited whites from buying houses on blocks where the majority of the residents were black.

Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927)

In 1924, the state of Virginia passed a law granting certain state hospitals the authority to sterilize patients deemed mentally defective.

Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1 (1976)

To appreciate the significance of Buckley v. Valeo, it is important to take a step back and consider the role of money in politics since the founding of the nation, but especially with the rise of the modern campaign in the twentieth century.

Bullington v. Missouri, 451 U.S. 430 (1981)

Bullington was indicted and convicted of capital murder. Under Missouri law, this meant that he would receive either death or life imprisonment without eligibility for parole for fifty years. 

Burdeau v. McDowell, 256 U.S. 465 (1921)

Following an internal investigation into unlawful conduct, Henry L. Doherty & Co. fired its employee, J.C. McDowell.

Burks v. United States, 437 U.S. 1 (1978)

At the robbery trial of David Burks, the defendant presented three unchallenged witnesses testifying that he was insane. In response, the government presented two expert witnesses who did not express definite opinions.

Butler v. McKellar, 494 U.S. 407 (1990)

When the Supreme Court decides a case in a way that alters the constitutional rights available to a criminal defendant, can prisoners who have already completed their appeals benefit from that case through a petition for a writ of habeas corpus?

Byers v. Edmondson, 712 So.2d 681 (1999) (‘‘Natural Born Killers’’ Case)

The judgment rendered concerns the issue of whether the film Natural Born Killers is protected speech under the First Amendment, that is, should movie producers, directors, and studios be responsible for encouraging criminal behavior?

Cain v. Kentucky, 387 U.S. 319 (1970)

In a per curium decision, based on Redrup v. New York (1967), the Supreme Court disposed of Cain v. Kentucky and reversed Kentucky’s ban of public showings of the film ‘‘I, A Woman.’’

Calder v. Bull, 3 U.S. 386 (1798)

The Connecticut legislature enacted a resolution granting a new hearing in a probate trial.

Calero-Toledo v. Pearson Yacht Leasing Co., 416 U.S. 663 (1974)

Federal and state laws authorize the government to seize and forfeit property that is ‘‘tainted’’ by its connection to specified crimes.

California v. Acevedo, 500 U.S. 565 (1991)

The Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches generally requires law enforcement to obtain a search warrant before initiating a search.

California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988)

In California v. Greenwood, the police searched a defendant’s garbage bags left on the curb.

California v. LaRue, 409 U.S. 109 (1972)

When a commercial activity requires a license or permit from a government, can a state use this authority to regulate ‘‘expression’’ even if aspects of the conduct do not meet the Roth standard of obscenity?

California v. Ramos, 459 U.S. 1301 (1982)

People who disagree about something can be induced to set aside their disagreement to unite against a common enemy.

California v. Trombetta, 467 U.S. 479 (1984)

In Trombetta, the Supreme Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause does not require the government to preserve evidence that could potentially be useful to a criminal defendant.

Camara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco, 387 U.S. 523 (1967)

The Fourth Amendment’s requirement that the government obtain a warrant before any search or seizure of private property is well established for criminal investigations.

Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 (1940)

Jehovah’s Witnesses believe proselytizing is an essential part of their faith and, therefore, a religious obligation.

Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v. Pinette, 515 U.S. 753 (1995)

Capitol Square is a 10-acre, state-owned plaza surrounding the statehouse in Columbus, Ohio.

Carey v. Population Services International, 431 U.S. 678 (1977)

Whether, and to what extent, minors should enjoy the same constitutional rights as adults is one of the most vexing and unsettled questions of constitutional law.

Carolene Products v. U.S., 304 U.S. 144 (1938)

This relatively minor case is remembered not for the issue supposedly before the Court, but for a footnote that in the eyes of many scholars launched a constitutional revolution.

Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132 (1925)

The Supreme Court has held that, under the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution, police officers must obtain a warrant to engage in a search or a seizure. . .

Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission of New York, 447 U.S. 557 (1980)

In 1973, when an oil embargo caused fuel shortages, the New York Public Service Commission issued a regulation prohibiting electric companies from advertising to promote electricity use.

Chae Chan Ping v. U.S., 130 U.S. 581 (1889) and Chinese Exclusion Act

Chinese first emigrated to the United States in large numbers in 1849, when they joined thousands of Americans and other foreign fortune-seekers in the ‘‘gold rush’’ to the American West.

Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940)

Torturing a man to confess a crime is an ancient evil. Subtler pressures can also break a man. Under the Fifth Amendment, Bram v. United States, and the Fourteenth Amendment, the Constitution outlaws the use of mental pressure or physical force to get a confession.

Chambers v. Mississippi, 410 U.S. 284 (1973)

Unreasonable application of evidentiary principles against a criminal defendant may violate the U.S. Constitution on any number of grounds, including the Compulsory Process, Due Process, or Confrontation Clauses.

Chandler v. Florida, 449 U.S. 560 (1981)

The Supreme Court ruled in Chandler v. Florida that the Constitution did not require an absolute ban on cameras in the courtroom, marking a significant change in its thinking on the issue.

Chandler v. Miller, 520 U.S. 305 (1997) (Candidates)

In 1990, the Georgia legislature passed a law requiring that each candidate for state office certify that he or she had tested negative for illegal drugs.

Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41 (1999)

The City of Chicago passed an ordinance that was aimed at reducing gang presence in Chicago neighborhoods.

City of Erie v. Pap’s A.M., 529 U.S. 277 (2000)

Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville, 422 U.S. 205 (1975)

Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 (1964)

Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, 472 U.S. 703 (1985)

Estelle v. Smith, 451 U.S. 454 (1980)

Estelle v. Williams, 425 U.S. 501 (1975)

Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947)

Ex Parte Milligan, 71 U.S. 2 (1866)

Ex Parte Vallandigham, 28 F.CAS. 874 (1863)

FCC v. League of Women Voters, 468 U.S. 364 (1984)

FCC v. Pacifica Foundation, 438 U.S. 726 (1978)

Feiner v. New York, 340 U.S. 315 (1951)

Fiallo v. Bell, 430 U.S. 787 (1977)

Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. 391 (1976)

Flast v. Cohen, 392 U.S. 83 (1968)

Florida Star v. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989)

Florida v. Jimeno, 500 U.S. 248 (1991)

Florida v. Riley, 488 U.S. 445 (1989)

Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491 (1983)

Florida v. White, 526 U.S. 559 (1999)

Follett v. Town of McCormick, S.C., 321 U.S. 573 (1944)

Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U.S. 698 (1893)

44 Liquormart v. Rhode Island, 517 U.S. 484 (1996)

France v. United States, 164 U.S. 676 (1897)

Francis v. Franklin, 471 U.S. 307 (1985)

Frisbie v. Collins, 342 U.S. 519 (1952)

Frisby v. Schultz, 487 U.S. 474 (1988)

Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972)

FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, 493 U.S. 215 (1990)

Gardner v. Florida, 430 U.S. 349 (1977)

Gentile v. State Bar of Nevada, 501 U.S. 1030 (1991)

Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103 (1975)

Gertz v. Robert Welch Inc., 418 U.S. 323 (1974)

Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, 372 U.S. 539 (1961)

Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963)

Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150 (1972)

Ginsberg v. New York, 390 U.S. 629 (1968)

Ginzberg v. United States, 343 U.S. 463 (1966)

Gitlow v. New York 268 U.S. 652 (1925)

Godfrey v. Georgia, 446 U.S. 420 (1980)

Godinez v. Moran, 509 U.S. 389 (1993)

Goldberg v. Kelly, 397 U.S. 254 (1970)

Goldman v. Weinberger, 475 U.S. 503 (1986)

Good News Club v. Milford Central School, 533 U.S. 98 (2001)

Graham v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 490 U.S. 680 (1989)

Green v. Georgia, 442 U.S. 95 (1979)

Griffin v. California, 380 U.S. 609 (1965)

GRIFFIN V. ILLINOIS, 351 U.S. 12 (1956)

Griffin v. Wisconsin, 483 U.S. 868 (1987)

Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965)

Grosjean v. American Press Co., 297 U.S. 233 (1936)

H.L. v. Matheson, 450 U.S. 398 (1981)

Hague v. C.I.O., 307 U.S. 496 (1939)

HAIG V. AGEE, 453 U.S. 280 (1981)

Hale v. Henkel, 201 U.S. 370 (1906)

Hamdi v. Rumsfield, 542 U.S. 507 (2004)

Harisiades v. Shaughnessy, 342 U.S. 580 (1952)

Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991)

Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections, 383 U.S. 663 (1966)

Harris v. McRae, 448 U.S. 297 (1980)

Harris v. New York, 401 U.S. 222 (1971)

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988)

Herbert v. Lando, 441 U.S. 153 (1979)

Hernandez v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 490 U.S. 680 (1989)

Herrera v. Collins, 506 U.S. 390 (1993)

Hess v. Indiana, 414 U.S. 105 (1973)

Hester v. United States, 265 U.S. 445 (1924)

Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293 (1966)

Holland v. Illinois, 493 U.S. 474 (1990)

Hopt v. Utah, 110 U.S. 574 (1884)

Houchins v. KQED, Inc., 438 U.S. 1 (1978)

Hudson v. Louisiana, 450 U.S. 40 (1981)

Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517 (1984)

Hunt v. McNair, 413 U.S. 734 (1973)

Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston, 515 U.S. 557 (1995)

Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516 (1884)

Hustler Magazine v. Falwell, 485 U.S. 46 (1988)

Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 U.S. 111 (1979)

ILLINOIS V. GATES, 462 U.S. 213 (1983)

Illinois v. Krull, 480 U.S. 340 (1987)

Illinois v. Perkins, 496 U.S. 292 (1990)

Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119 (2000)

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983)

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Lopez-Mendoza, 468 U.S. 1032 (1984)

In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967)

In re Griffiths, 413 U.S. 717 (1973)

In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358 (1970)

Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S. 368 (1964)

Jackson v. Indiana, 406 U.S. 715 (1972)

Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979)

Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 184 (1964)

Jacobson v. United States, 503 U.S. 540 (1992)

Jamison v. Texas, 318 U.S. 413 (1943)

Jenkins v. Georgia, 418 U.S. 152 (1974)

Jimmy Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization of California, 493 U.S. 378 (1990)

Jones v. Wolf, 443 U.S. 595 (1979)

Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson, 343 U.S. 495 (1952)

Jurek v. Texas, 428 U.S. 262 (1976)

Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967)

Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 (1957)

Kingsley International Pictures Corporation v. Regents of the University of New York, 360 U.S. 684 (1959)

KIRBY V. ILLINOIS, 406 U.S. 682 (1972)

Kleindienst v. Mandel, 408 U.S. 753 (1972)

Klopfer v. North Carolina, 386 U.S. 213 (1967)

Kois v. Wisconsin, 408 U.S. 229 (1972)

Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983)

Konigsberg v. State Bar of California, 336 U.S. 36 (1961)

Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419 (1995)

Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)

Lambert v. California, 355 U.S. 255 (1957)

Lambert v. Wicklund, 520 U.S. 292 (1997)

Lamb’s Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District, 508 U.S. 384 (1993)

Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451 (1939)

Late Corporation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints v. United States, 136 U.S 1 (1890)

Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003)

Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577 (1992)

Legal Services Corporation v. Valesquez, 531 U.S. 533 (2001)

Leland v. Oregon, 343 U.S. 790 (1952)

Leyra v. Denno, 347 U.S. 556 (1954)

Lilly v. Virginia, 527 U.S. 116 (1999)

City of Littleton v. Z.J. Gifts D-4, L.L.C. (2004)

Lloyd Corporation v. Tanner, 407 U.S. 551 (1972)

Loan Association v. Topeka, 87 U.S. 655 (1875)

Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905)

Locke v. Davey, 540 U.S. 712 (2004)

Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S. 586 (1978)

Lockhart v. McCree, 476 U.S. 162 (1986)

Lo-Ji Sales, Inc. v. New York, 442 U.S. 319 (1979)

Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95 (1983)

Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967)

Lynch v. Donnelly, 465 U.S. 668 (1984)

Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association, 485 U.S. 439 (1988)

Lynumn v. Illinois, 372 U.S. 528 (1963)

Mabry v. Johnson, 467 U.S. 352 (1984)

Madsen v.Women’sHealth Center, 512 U.S. 753 (1994)

Maher v. Roe, 432 U.S. 464 (1977)

Mallory v. United States, 354 U.S. 499 (1957)

Manson v. Brathwaite, 432 U.S. 98 (1977)

Manual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day, 370 U.S. 478 (1962)

Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961)

Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803)

Marchetti v. United States, 390 U.S. 39 (1968)

Marsh v. Chambers, 463 U.S. 783 (1983)

Martin v. Ohio, 480 U.S. 228 (1987)

Maryland v. Buie, 494 U.S. 325 (1990)

Maryland v. Craig, 497 U.S. 836 (1990)

Masses Publishing Company v. Patten, 244 U.S. 535 (1917)

Massiah v. United States, 377 U.S. 201 (1964)

Mathis v. United States, 391 U.S. 1 (1968)

McCleskey v. Kemp, 481 U.S. 277 (1987)

McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948)

McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819)

McDaniel v. Paty, 435 U.S. 618 (1978)

McGautha v. California, 402 U.S. 183 (1971)

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, 403 U.S. 528 (1971)

McLaughlin v. Florida, 379 U.S. 184 (1964)

McNabb v. United States, 318 U.S. 332 (1943)

Menna v. New York, 423 U.S. 61 (1975)

Metro–Goldwyn–Mayer Studios (MGM) v. Grokster, 545 U.S. (2005)

Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923)

Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, 418 U.S. 241 (1974)

Michigan Deptartment of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444 (1990)

Michigan v. DeFillippo, 443 U.S. 31 (1979)

Michigan v. Lucas, 500 U.S. 145 (1991)

Michigan v. Mosley, 423 U.S. 96 (1975)

Michigan v. Summers, 452 U.S. 692 (1981)

Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 497 U.S. 1 (1990)

Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973)

Mills v. Alabama, 384 U.S. 214 (1966)

Mincey v. Arizona, 437 U.S. 385 (1978)

Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993)

Minnesota v. Olson, 495 U.S. 91 (1990)

Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

Mishkin v. New York, 383 U.S. 502 (1966)

Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361 (1989)

Mitchell v. Helms, 463 U.S. 793 (2000)

Monroe v. Pape, 365 U.S. 167 (1961)

Mooney v. Holohan, 294 U.S. 103 (1935)

Moore v. East Cleveland, 431 U.S. 494 (1977)

Moran v. Burbine, 475 U.S. 412 (1986)

Motes v. United States, 178 U.S. 458 (1900)

Mozert v. Hawkins County Board of Education, 827 F. 2d 1058 (1987)

MT. HEALTHY CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT BOARD OF EDUCATION V. DOYLE, 429 U.S. 274 (1977)

Mueller v. Allen, 463 U.S. 388 (1983)

Mullaney v. Wilbur, 421 U.S. 684 (1975)

Mutual Film Corporation v. Industrial Commission of Ohio, 236 U.S. 230 (1915)

NAACP v. Alabama Ex Rel. Patterson, 357 U.S. 449 (1958)

NAACP v. Button, 371 U.S. 415 (1963)

Naim v. Naim, 875 E. 2nd 749 (Va. 1955); 350 U.S. 891 (1955); 350 U.S. 985 (1956)

Napue v. Illinois, 360 U.S. 264 (1959)

Nardone v. United States, 308 U.S. 338 (1939)

National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley, 118 S. Ct 2168 (1998)

National Treasury Employee Union v. Von Raab, 489 U.S. 656 (1989)

Ohio v. Robinette, 519 U.S. 33 (1996)

Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928)

O’Lone v. Estate of Shabazz, 482 U.S. 342 (1987)

Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 (1931)

Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502 (1934)

Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart, 427 U.S. 539 (1976)

New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985)

New York Ex. Rel. Bryant v. Zimmerman, 278 U.S. 63 (1928)

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964)

New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971)

New York v. Belton, 453 U.S. 454 (1981)

New York v. Ferber, 458 U.S. 747 (1982)

New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649 (1984)

Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431, 104 (1984)

NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago, 440 U.S. 490 (1979)

North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25 (1970)

North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711 (1969)

O’Connor v. Ortega, 480 U.S. 709 (1987)

On Lee v. United States, 343 U.S. 747 (1952)

Orozco v. Texas, 394 U.S. 324 (1969)

Osborne v. Ohio, 495 U.S. 103 (1990)

Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville, 405 U.S. 156 (1972)

Paris Adult Theatre v. Slaton, 413 U.S. 49 (1973)

Patterson v. New York, 432 U.S. 197 (1977)

Paul v. Davis, 424 U.S. 693 (1976)

Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573 (1980)

Pell v. Procunier, 417 U.S. 817 (1974)

Pennsylvania v. Scott, 524 U.S. 357 (1998)

Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps, 475 U.S. 767 (1986)

Pickering v. Board of Education, 391 U.S. 563 (1968)

Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925)

Planned Parenthood of Missouri v. Danforth, 428 U.S. 52 (1976)

Planned Parenthood v. Ashcroft, 462 U.S. 476 (1983)

Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 112 S.Ct. 2791 (1992)

Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896)

Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982)

Poe v. Ullman, 367 U.S. 497 (1961)

Poelker v. Doe, 432 U.S. 59 (1977)

Pope v. Illinois, 481 U.S. 497 (1987)

Posadas de Puerto Rico Association v. Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, 478 U.S. 328 (1986)

Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932)

Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. 514 (1968)

Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158 (1944)

Profitt v. Florida, 428 U.S. 242 (1976)

Pulley v. Harris, 465 U.S. 37 (1984)

Quick Bear v. Leupp, 210 U.S. 50 (1908)

Rabe v. Washington, 405 U.S. 313 (1972)

Raley v. Ohio, 360 U.S. 423 (1959)

Rankin v. McPherson, 483 U.S. 378 (1987)

R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, 505 U.S. 377 (1992)

Rawlings v. Kentucky, 448 U.S. 98 (1980)

Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, 395 U.S. 367 (1969)

Redrup v. New York, 386 U.S. 767 (1967)

Regents of University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978)

Regina v. Hicklin, L.R. 2 Q.B. 360 (1868)

Reid v. Covert, 354 U.S. 1 (1957)

Reid v. Georgia, 448 U.S. 438 (1980)

Reno v. ACLU, 521 U.S. 844 (1997)

Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., 475 U.S. 41 (1986)

Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1878)

Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291 (1980)

Rice v. Paladin Press (‘‘Hit Man’’ Case), 940 F.Supp. 836 (D.Md. 1996)

Richards v. Wisconsin, 520 U.S. 385 (1997)

Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 448 U.S. 555 (1980)

Ricketts v. Adamson, 483 U.S. 1 (1987)

Riggins v. Nevada, 504 U.S. 127 (1992)

County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, 500 U.S. 44 (1991)

Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 (1976)

ROBERTS V. UNITED STATES JAYCEES, 468 U.S. 609 (1984)

Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962)

Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165 (1952)

Rock v. Arkansas, 483 U.S. 44 (1987)

Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)

Roemer v. Maryland Board of Public Works, 426 U.S. 736 (1976)

Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996)

Rosales-Lopez v. United States, 451 U.S. 182 (1981)

Rose v. Locke, 423 U.S. 48 (1975)

Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, 515 U.S. 819 (1995)

Ross v. Moffitt, 417 U.S. 600 (1974)

Rotary International v. Rotary Club of Duarte, 481 U.S. 537 (1987)

Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476 (1957)

Roviaro v. United States, 353 U.S. 53 (1957)

Rowan v. United States Post Office Department, No. 399, 397 U.S. 728 (1970)

Rust v. Sullivan, 500 U.S. 173 (1991)

Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois, 497 U.S. 62 (1990)

Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999)

Sandstrom v. Montana, 442 U.S. 510 (1979)

Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez, 436 U.S. 49 (1978)

Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, 530 U.S. 290 (2000)

Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257 (1971)

Saxbe v. Washington Post, 417 U.S. 817 (1974)

Scales v. United States, 367 U.S. 203 (1961)

Schad v. Borough of Mount Ephraim, 452 U.S. 61 (1981)

Schall v. Martin, 467 U.S. 253 (1984)

Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919)

SCHLAFLY, PHILLIS STEWART

Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757 (1966)

Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973)

School District of the City of Grand Rapids v. Ball, 473 U.S. 373 (1985)

Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618 (1969)

Shaughnessey v. United States ex rel. Mezei, 345 U.S. 206 (1953)

Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948)

Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398 (1963)

Sicurella v. United States, 348 U.S. 385 (1955)

Simopoulos v. Virginia, 462 U.S. 506 (1983)

Singer v. United States, 380 U.S. 24 (1965)

Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535 (1942)

Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives’ Association, 489 U.S. 602 (1989)

Slaughterhouse Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1873)

Smith v. California, 361 U.S. 147 (1959)

Smith v. Organization of Foster Families, 431 U.S. 816 (1977)

Snepp v. United States, 444 U.S. 507 (1980)

Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277 (1983)

Sorrells v. U.S., 287 U.S. 435 (1932)

South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 U.S. 364 (1976)

Southeastern Promotions, Ltd. v. Conrad, 420 U.S. 546 (1975)

Spano v. New York, 360 U.S. 315 (1959)

Spaziano v. Florida, 468 U.S. 447 (1984)

Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969)

Staples v. United States, 511 U.S. 600 (1994)

Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000)

Stone v. Graham, 449 U.S. 39 (1980)

Swain v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 202 (1965)

Swearinger v. United States, 161 U.S. 446 (1896)

Taylor v. Illinois, 484 U.S. 400 (1988)

Taylor v. Louisiana, 419 U.S. 522 (1975)

Tennessee v. Garner, 471 U.S. 1 (1985)

Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)

Test Oath Cases

Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock, 489 U.S. 1 (1989)

Thornburgh v. Abbott, 490 U.S. 401 (1989)

Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 476 U.S. 747 (1986)

Tibbs v. Florida, 457 U.S. 31 (1982)

Tileston v. Ullman, 318 U.S. 44 (1943)

Tilton v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 672 (1971)

Time, Inc. v. Hill, 385 U.S. 374 (1967)

Tinker v. Des Moines School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969)

Tony and Susan Alamo Foundation v. Secretary of Labor, 471 U.S. 290 (1985)

Torcaso v. Watkins, 367 U.S. 488 (1961)

Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958)

Turner Broadcasting Sys., Inc. v. FCC (Turner I), 512 U.S. 622 (1994); 520 U.S. 180 (1997) (Turner II)

Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987)

Ulster County Court v. Allen, 442 U.S. 140 (1979)

United States v. 12 200-Foot Reels of Super 8mm. Film, 413 U.S. 123 (1973)

United States v. 37 Photographs, 402 U.S. 363 (1971)

United States v. 92 Buena Vista Avenue, 507 U.S. 111 (1993)

United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97 (1976)

United States v. Ash, 413 U.S. 300 (1973)

United States v. Balsys, 524 U.S. 666 (1998)

United States v. Brignoni-Ponce, 422 U.S. 873 (1975)

United States v. Calandra, 414 U.S. 338 (1974)

United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876)

United States v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1 (1973)

United States v. Grimaud, 220 U.S. 506 (1911)

United States v. Havens, 446 U.S. 620 (1980)

United States v. Kahriger, 345 U.S. 22 (1953)

United States v. Lee, 455 U.S. 252 (1982)

United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 (1984)

United States v. Lovasco, 431 U.S. 783 (1977)

United States v. Lovett, 328 U.S. 303 (1946)

United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435 (1976)

United States v. O’Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968)

United States v. One Book Entitled ‘‘Ulysses,’’ 72 E. 2nd 705 (1934)

United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, 529 U.S. 803 (2000)

United States v. Ramirez, 523 U.S. 65 (1998)

United States v. Reidel, 402 U.S. 351 (1971)

United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218 (1973)

United States v. Schoon, 971 F.2d 193 (9th Cir. 1991)

United States v. Schwimmer, 279 U.S. 644 (1929)

United States v. Seeger, 380 U.S. 163 (1965)

United States v. Tateo, 377 U.S. 463 (1964)

United States v. The Progressive, Inc., 467 F. Supp. 990 (W.D. Wis. 1979)

United States v. United States District Court, 407 U.S. 297 (1972)

United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez, 494 U.S. 259 (1990)

United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218 (1967)

United States v. Washington, 431 U.S. 181 (1977)

United States v. Watson, 423 U.S. 411 (1976)

University of Wisconsin v. Southworth, 529 U.S. 217 (2000)

Urofsky v. Gilmore, 216 F.3d 401 (4th Cir. 2000)

Valentine v. Chrestensen, 316 U.S. 52 (1942)

Vance v. Universal Amusement Co., Inc., 445 U.S. 208 (1980)

Vernonia School District v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995)

Vidal v. Girard’s Executor, 43 U.S. 127 (1844)

Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc., 425 U.S. 748 (1976)

Virginia v. Black, 123 S.Ct. 1536 (2003)

Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985)

Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York, 397 U.S. 664 (1970)

Warden v. Hayden, 387 U.S. 294 (1967)

Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702 (1997)

Washington v. Texas, 388 U.S. 14 (1967)

Watson v. Jones, 80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 679 (1872)

Watts v. United States, 394 U.S. 705 (1969)

Webb v. Texas, 409 U.S. 95 (1972)

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989)

Weeks v. United States, 232 U.S. 383 (1914)

Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 (1910)

West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943)

Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357 (1927)

William Penn’s Case (1670)

Wilson v. Layne, 526 U.S. 603 (1999)

Wisconsin v. Mitchell, 508 U.S. 476 (1993)

Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972)

Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind, 474 U.S. 481 (1986)

Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949)

Wolman v. Walter, 433 U.S. 229 (1977)

Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471 (1963)

Wyman v. James, 400 U.S. 309 (1971)

Wyoming v. Houghton, 526 U.S. 295 (1999)

Yates v. United States, 354 U.S. 298 (1957)

Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc. 427 U.S. 50 (1976)

Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971)

Zablocki v. Redhail, 434 U.S. 374 (1978)

Zacchini v. Scripps Howard Broadcasting Company, 433 U.S. 562 (1977)

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, 536 U.S. 639 (2002)

Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District, 509 U.S. 1 (1993)

Zorach v. Clauson, 343 U.S. 306 (1952)

Zurcher v. Stanford Daily, 436 U.S. 547 (1978)